OpenRC, an alternative to systemd

This is an archived copy of a same-named Manjaro Wiki page.
The Manjaro Wiki page titled "OpenRC" no longer exists. It redirects to the original of this archived page, which bears a warning header stating Manjaro does no longer support OpenRC

OpenRC is a dependency based init system maintained by the Gentoo developers, that works with the system provided init program, normally sysvinit. It is not a replacement for sysvinit.

It is an alternative to systemd for users that like more control over their system, and do not want all the features that systemd provides and automatically activates.

Installation

Warning: OpenRC on Manjaro has been discontinued

OpenRC is available from the the Manjaro repositories. It can be installed as:

sudo pacman -S openrc-base

The output of the above command looks like the following:

$ sudo pacman -S openrc-base
:: There are 10 members in group openrc-base:
:: Repository community
   1) cronie-openrc  2) cryptsetup-openrc  3) dbus-openrc
   4) device-mapper-openrc  5) dhcpcd-openrc  6) glibc-openrc
   7) inetutils-openrc  8) lvm2-openrc  9) mdadm-openrc  10) openrc-core
Enter a selection (default=all): 
resolving dependencies...
looking for inter-conflicts...
:: openrc-core and systemd-sysvcompat are in conflict. Remove systemd-sysvcompat? [y/N] y
Packages (12): systemd-sysvcompat-212-3 [removal]  sysvinit-2.88-15
               cronie-openrc-20140614-1  cryptsetup-openrc-20140614-1
               dbus-openrc-20140614-1  device-mapper-openrc-20140614-1
               dhcpcd-openrc-20140614-1  glibc-openrc-20140614-1
               inetutils-openrc-20140614-1  lvm2-openrc-20140614-1
               mdadm-openrc-20140614-1  openrc-core-0.12.4-16
Total Download Size:    0.22 MiB
Total Installed Size:   1.19 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]

After installing the openrc-base package group, OpenRC should boot by default instead of systemd. Note that it will boot to a command line, as the service for a graphical display manager has not yet been installed.

On installing openrc-base, one may get messages like:

run 'rc-update add dbus default'
run 'rc-update add cronie default'

Running these command(s) adds the service(s) to the specified runlevels. For example on running:

sudo rc-update add dbus default

The dbus service would be added to the default runelevel and would automatically be started at boot.

dbus (system message bus) and cronie (for cron) are some common services that can be enabled.

Additional packages

Display Manager

To boot to a graphical display manager, the displaymanager-openrc package can be installed.

After installing it, the /etc/conf.d/xdm file needs to be edited to specify the display manager.

For example, to use lightdm, change the line:

DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm"

to

DISPLAYMANAGER="lightdm"

Finally the xdm service can be added to default runlevel:

sudo rc-update add xdm default

Note:

lightdm and a lightdm-greeter (like lightdm-gtk-greeter) should be installed to use lightdm as display manager.

An alternative to lightdm is LXDM. However the version in the repository does not automatically start a ck-session on login; alternative lxdm-consolekit from the AUR can be used.

Audio (ALSA)

The alsa-utils-openrc package can be installed. After installing it, run:

sudo rc-update add alsasound default

to automatically start alsa at boot.

Network Manager

By default dhcpcd is enabled via netifrc. However if one uses Wifi to connect to the internet, or need a graphical network applet, then networkmanager-openrc can be installed.

networkmanager-openrc replaces the normal networkmanager package in the repos. Also, it requires consolekit and polkit-consolekit, which replaces the normal polkit from the repos.

Other alternatives like wicd-openrc and connman-openrc are also available.

Consolekit

The consolekit-openrc package can be installed. Consolekit supports multi-user setups, mounting of partitions by unauthorized users, etc. See the Gentoo-Wiki for more details.

Consolekit also allows a normal (non-root) user to shutdown or restart the system if the desktop environment supports it.

openrc-desktop

The openrc-desktop package group can be used to install most of the above desktop related packages in one go. For example:

$ sudo pacman -S openrc-desktop
:: There are 6 members in group openrc-desktop:
:: Repository community
   1) acpid-openrc  2) alsa-utils-openrc  3) avahi-openrc  4) consolekit-openrc
   5) displaymanager-openrc  6) gpm-openrc
Enter a selection (default=all): 
resolving dependencies...
looking for inter-conflicts...
Packages (6): acpid-openrc-20140614-1  alsa-utils-openrc-20140614-1
              avahi-openrc-20140614-1  consolekit-openrc-20140614-1
              displaymanager-openrc-20140614-1  gpm-openrc-20140614-1
Total Installed Size:   0.12 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       0.00 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]

Others

ACPI

For handling acpi events, acpid-openrc can be installed and enabled (see this for more details on acpid).

Logging

For logging, a logger can be chosen from metalog-openrc, syslog-ng-openrc, and rsyslog-openrc, by installing the package and enabling its respective service.

Suspend/Hibernate

To suspend and hibernate via the command line, pm-utils can be installed. You may also need the upower-pm-utils package if suspend and hibernate does not work.

Note

If using plymouth, then /etc/mkinitcpio.conf would need to be edited to remove the plymouth hook, as plymouth does not work correctly with OpenRC. The hooks line should look like:

HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block resume filesystems keyboard keymap fsck"

After that would need to regenerate the initrd as:

sudo mkinitcpio -p linux<version>

For example,

sudo mkinitcpio -p linux314

Configuration

Adding or Removing services

Services can be added to startup with:

sudo rc-update add <service> <runlevel>

For example,

sudo rc-update add sshd default

runlevel can be skipped if adding services to the current runlevel, ie:

sudo rc-update add sshd

A service can be removed from startup with:

sudo rc-update del <service> <runlevel>

Check running services

To check what services are running, one can type:

rc-status

Start / stop / restart services

To start / stop / restart services immediately, the rc-service command can be used. For example:

sudo rc-service networkmanager restart

Some common services

To enable printing support, the cups-openrc package can be installed. For example,

$ sudo pacman -S cups-openrc
resolving dependencies...
looking for inter-conflicts...
Packages (1): cups-openrc-20141014-1
Total Installed Size:   0.01 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       0.00 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]

The service for it is cupsd.

$ sudo rc-service cupsd start
* Starting cupsd ...                                                                                                       [ ok ]

For ssh, the openssh-openrc package can be installed.

The service for it is named sshd.

Tip ~~ All services present can be listed with the "rc-service --list" command.

Using Consolekit

Warning: Consolekit has been deprecated in Manjaro in favour of elogind

Additionally, if not already done, consolekit can be installed to perform root actions like shutting down or restarting system as non-root user from your Desktop Environment.

Consolekit can be installed in the following way:

sudo pacman -S consolekit-openrc polkit-consolekit cgmanager-openrc

The output looks like the following:

$ sudo pacman -S consolekit-openrc polkit-consolekit cgmanager-openrc
resolving dependencies...
looking for inter-conflicts...
:: polkit-consolekit and polkit are in conflict. Remove polkit? [y/N] y
Packages (9): cgmanager-0.37-2  consolekit-1.0.0-3  libnih-1.0.3-2  openrc-core-0.17-2  polkit-0.112-2 [removal]  cgmanager-openrc-20150911-1
              consolekit-openrc-20150911-1  polkit-consolekit-0.113-1
Total Download Size:    0.92 MiB
Total Installed Size:   4.44 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       2.84 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]

After installing it can be enabled with "sudo rc-update add consolekit" and would be activated after a reboot. To check that consolekit is running and a ck-session was started, the following command can be used:

ck-list-sessions

The output looks like the following:

Session1:
	unix-user = '1000'
	realname = 'Aaditya Bagga'
	seat = 'Seat1'
	session-type = 
	active = TRUE
	x11-display = ':0'
	x11-display-device = '/dev/tty7'
	display-device = 
	remote-host-name = 
	is-local = TRUE
	on-since = '2014-06-15T13:29:58.652929Z'
	login-session-id =

If you are not getting any output, then maybe a ck-session is not being started by your display manager.

To start a ck-session and X session from the command line following syntax could be used:

ck-launch-session <session-name>

For example,

ck-launch-session startxfce4

a few "gotcha" issues to avoid

Display managers that are known to work with consolekit are lightdm, lxdm (via lxdm-consolekit), kdm (via kdebase-workspace-consolekit), and mdm (via mdm-nosystemd).

If you start a graphical session from the command line, this forum post may be of some help.

If you use Openbox or another Window Manager along with oblogout, then oblogout-consolekit from the AUR can be used for having a graphical logout interface.

Replacing systemd with eudev

With OpenRC being used as init system, the role of systemd is reduced to that of a udev provider, and for compatibility reasons.

eudev, developed by the Gentoo folks, can be used as replacement. Note that removing systemd could cause some incompatibilities with existing software.

The steps to install eudev are as follows:

sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat

The output looks like the following:

$ sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...
:: eudev and libsystemd are in conflict (libgudev-1.0.so). Remove libsystemd? [y/N] y
:: eudev-systemdcompat and systemd are in conflict. Remove systemd? [y/N] y
warning: dependency cycle detected:
warning: eudev-systemdcompat will be installed before its eudev dependency
Packages (4) libsystemd-219-6 [removal]  systemd-219-6 [removal]  eudev-3.0-1  eudev-systemdcompat-219-2
Total Download Size:     0.95 MiB
Total Installed Size:    7.09 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:      -18.78 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]

After the above steps systemd would be uninstalled and replaced by eudev and its counterparts.

Note

eudev-systemdcompat has been superseded by eudev-systemd and libeudev-systemd (link).

Troubleshooting

Boot logs

The boot logs for OpenRC are stored in /var/log/rc.log

Get warning at shutdown

If at shutdown there is a message like:

WARNING: /usr/lib/rc/cache is not writable!

Then this directory can be created as:

sudo mkdir /usr/lib/rc/cache

Error about /etc/sysctl.conf not found

It can be created with:

sudo touch /etc/sysctl.conf

Enable Swap (for GPT partitions)

If you were using systemd on a GPT partitioned hard disk, then you may need to enable swap via /etc/fstab. This is so because systemd handled swap automatically on GPT partitions, and gave error if it was mounted via fstab.

I added the following entry to my /etc/fstab

# /dev/sda10
UUID=0c3e9434-bc5c-461c-a5e4-4e9fe5f9a149	swap	swap	sw	0	0

Using tmpfs

systemd used to set a tmpfs by default; to set it manually via /etc/fstab, the following lines can be added:

tmpfs		/tmp		tmpfs   nodev,nosuid          	0  	0

See the Arch Wiki for more details.

Module auto-loading

For OpenRC, the modules to be loaded at boot are specified in /etc/conf.d/modules rather than being present as individual files in /etc/modules-load.d

The required modules can be manually moved over. An example /etc/conf.d/modules file looks like the following:

# You should consult your kernel documentation and configuration
# for a list of modules and their options.
modules="vboxdrv"

Setting hostname

If your hostname is being displayed as localhost even if there a different hostname in /etc/hostname, then you probably need to change your hostname in /etc/conf.d/hostname

Setting keymap

The keymap for the console can be set via editing /etc/conf.d/keymaps

For X11 (graphical part of the system), it can be set via /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-keyboard.conf

For more information have a look at the Gentoo wiki (with the difference that in Arch/Manjaro the keymaps are stored in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps [1]).

Setting Hardware clock

Can be done by editing /etc/conf.d/hwclock

Shutting down / rebooting

To shutdown the system, the "poweroff" command can be used.

Similarly to reboot, the "reboot" command can be used.

X does not start from a virtual terminal

With Xorg-1.16, Arch Linux decided to make X rootless using systemd-logind [2]. This means that using "startx" from a virtual terminal will possibly not work for users of OpenRC init system.

The workaround is to create a file /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config with the contents:

# Xorg.wrap configuation file
needs_root_rights = yes

Reference: Arch forum

Input devices not working

With eudev-3.0, a new input group was introduced; you could try adding your user to it.

sudo gpasswd -a <user> input

Reference: https://github.com/gentoo/eudev/issues/107

Httpd (Apache) service status says crashed

If the httpd process is running but "rc-status" shows the service as crashed, try editing /etc/init.d/httpd and remove the start-stop-daemon call when starting the service:

 # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start -- ${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

Forum link: https://forum.manjaro.org/t/solved-apache-service-httpd-status-status-crashed/19878

Edit

A better solution seems to be to explicitly add the pidfile option to start stop daemon:

 # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start|start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile ${PIDFILE}|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

More details: https://bitbucket.org/aadityabagga/openrc-services-ng/issues/4/issue-with-httpd-service

Unable to build ISO using manjaro-tools on OpenRC

Try loading the loop module, see https://forum.manjaro.org/t/manjaro-tools-14-on-testing-openrc/17156 for more info.

OpenRC, an alternative to systemd

Contents

Installation

Additional packages

Display Manager

Audio (ALSA)

Network Manager

Consolekit

openrc-desktop

Others

ACPI

Logging

Suspend/Hibernate

Note

Configuration

Adding or Removing services

Check running services

Start / stop / restart services

Some common services

Using Consolekit

a few "gotcha" issues to avoid

Replacing systemd with eudev

Note

Troubleshooting

Boot logs

Get warning at shutdown

Error about /etc/sysctl.conf not found

Enable Swap (for GPT partitions)

Using tmpfs

Module auto-loading

Setting hostname

Setting keymap

Setting Hardware clock

Shutting down / rebooting

X does not start from a virtual terminal

Input devices not working

MySQL service not working

Pulseaudio does not start / work

Ctrl + Alt + Backspace causes problems with some display managers

Httpd (Apache) service status says crashed

Unable to build ISO using manjaro-tools on OpenRC

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